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一般高达3-5米，树皮灰白色，浅纵裂，枝条髓部片状，幼枝先端具细柔毛（2年生枝常无毛）。也有高达20-25米，树干较别的种类矮，树冠广阔。树皮幼时灰绿色，老时则灰白色而纵向浅裂。小枝无毛，具有光泽，被盾状着生的腺体，灰绿色，后来带褐色。[1]
羽状复叶长25-50厘米，小叶5-9个，稀有13个。椭圆状卵形至椭圆形，顶生小叶通常较大，长5-15厘米，宽3-6厘米，先端急尖或渐尖，基部圆或楔形，有时为心脏形。全缘或有不明显钝齿，表面深绿色，无毛，背面仅脉腋有微毛，小叶柄极短或无，有些外壳坚硬，有些比较软。

胡桃(15张)
奇数羽状复叶长25-30厘米，叶柄及叶轴幼时被有极短腺毛及腺体小叶通常5-9枚，稀3枚，椭圆状卵形至长椭圆形，长约6-15厘米，宽约3-6厘米，顶端钝圆或急尖、短渐尖，基部歪斜、近于圆形，边缘全缘或在幼树上者具稀疏细锯齿，上面深绿色，无毛，下面淡绿色，侧脉11-15对，腋内具簇短柔毛，侧生小叶具极短的小叶柄或近无柄，生于下端者较小，顶生小叶常具长约3-6厘米的小叶柄。
Generallyupto3-5meters,thebarkisgray-white,shallowlylongitudinallysplit,thepithofbranchesisflaky,andtheapexofyoungbranchesisfine(biennialbranchesareoftenglabrous).Therearealso20-25metershigh,thetrunkisshorterthanotherspecies,andthecrownisbroad.Barkisgrayishgreenwhenyoung,grayishwhitewhenold,andlongitudinallylobed.Branchletsglabrous,shiny,peltategland,grayishgreen,laterbrownish.[1]Thepinnatecompoundleavesare25-50cmlong,with5-9leafletsand13rareones.Oval-ovaltoelliptic,theterminalleafletisusuallylarger,5-15cmlongand3-6cmwide,theapexisacuteortapered,thebaseisroundorwedge-shaped,sometimesheart-shaped.Entireorinconspicuousbluntteeth,darkgreenonthesurface,glabrous,onlyslightlyhairyintheveinaxilsontheback,veryshortornopetioles,somehardshellsandsomesoftones.Theodd-numberedpinnatecompoundleavesofJuglansregia(15pieces)are25-30cmlong,thepetiolesandleafaxesarecoveredwithextremelyshortglandularhairsandglandularlobuleswhenyoung,usually5-9pieces,3piecesaresparse,ovaltolongoval,about6-15cmlongandabout3-6cmwide,thetopisroundorsharp,shortandtapered,thebaseisskewedandnearlyround,andtheedgesareallaroundoronyoungtrees.